BENDERY

"Educazione Siberiana" si basa sulla supposizione che nel 1938 per ordine di Stalin i banditi siberiani, che Linin chiama "ukri", siano stati deportati nella citta' bessarabense di Bendery (in italiano si chiama Tighina).
Sto scrivendo da uno dei centri di ricerca sul periodo staliniano piu' importanti al mondo. Qui, tra gli studiosi degli anni Trenta, nessuno conosce questa vicenda. Inoltre, abbiamo stabilito una volta per tutte che la parola "urka" significa semplicemente "criminale". Non e' una nazionalita', come sembrerebbe a volte lasciar credere il libro.
Inoltre, come si legge su Wikipedia in russo e inglese (ma non in italiano), nel 1938 la citta' faceva parte della Romania (all'epoca chiamata Romania Mare, ossia Grande Romania). Fu solo nel 1940 che i sovietici invasero la Bessariabia. Ci siamo messi a discutere per cercare una spiegazione. L'unica che e' uscita riguarda una possibile deportazione di Rom. Su internet pero' questa deportazione, o meglio, espulsione, non e' menzionata. Ne' la si trova nei libri e cataloghi in russo delle deportazioni sotto Stalin. Dunque?
La ricerca continua.


Da Wikipedia. Voce "Bendery". In grassetto la parte piu' interessante.


The town was first mentioned as an important customs post in a commerce grant issued by the Moldavian voivode Alexander the Good to the merchants of Lviv on October 8, 1408. The name "Tighina" is found in documents from the second half of the 15th century. The town was the main Moldavian customs point on the commercial road linking the country to Tatar Crimea.^[5] During his reign of Moldavia, Stephen III had a small wooden fort built in the town to defend the settlement from Tatar raids.^[6]

The historical military cemetery in the city.

In 1538, the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the town from Moldavia, and renamed itBender. Its fortifications were developed into a full fortress under the same name under the supervision of the Turkish architect Koji Mimar Sinan. The Ottomans used it to keep the pressure on Moldavia. At the end of the 16th century several unsuccessful attempts to retake the fortress were made: in the summer of 1574 PrinceJohn III the Terrible led a siege on the fortress, as did Michael the Brave in 1595 and 1600. About the same time the fortress was attacked by Zaporozhian Cossacks.

In the 18th century, the fort's area was expanded and modernized by the prince of Moldavia Antioh Cantemir, who carried out these works under Ottoman supervision.

In 1713, the fortress, the town, and the neighboring village Varniţa were the site of skirmishes (kalabalik) between Charles XII of Sweden, who had taken refuge there with the Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa after his defeat in the Battle of Poltava, and Turks who wished to enforce the departure of the Swedish king.^[7]

During the second half of the 18th century, the fortress fell three times to the Russians during the Russo-Turkish Wars (in 1770, 1789, and in 1806 without a fight).

Along with Bessarabia, the city was annexed to the Russian Empire in 1812, and remained part of the Russian Governorate of Bessarabia until 1917.

Tighina was part of the Moldavian Democratic Republic in 1917-1918, and after 1918, as part of Bessarabia, the city belonged to Romania, where it was the seat of Tighina County.

Along with Bessarabia, the city was occupied by the Soviet Union on June 28, 1940, following an ultimatum. In the course of World War II, it was retaken by Romania in July 1941, and again by the USSR in August 1944.

In 1940-41, and 1941-1991 it was one of the four "republican cities" (i.e., not subordinated to a district) of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union. Since 1991, the city has been part of the independent Republic of Moldova.

A monument of an Infantry fighting vehicle of the Transnistrian Army.

Due to the city's key strategic location on the right bank of Dniester river, 10 km from left-bank Tiraspol, Bender saw the heaviest fighting of the 1992 War of Transnistria.

Since 1992, Bender has been formally in the demilitarized zone established at the end of the conflict, but is de facto controlled by Transnistrian authorities. Moldovan authorities control the commune of Varniţa, which fringes the city to the north. Transnistrian authorities control the communes of Proteagailovca, which borders the city to the west, Gîsca, which borders the city to the south-west, Chiţcani and Cremenciug, further to the south-east, while Moldovans are in control ofCopanca, further to the south-east.